The late stage of cotton production is a key period for the formation of yield quality, and it is also a period of frequent disasters such as diseases, insects, droughts, and floods. Improper management may cause long or premature aging of cotton, resulting in reduced yield and quality. In order to strengthen the late field management and ensure the stable development of cotton production, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Cotton Experts Guidance Group will formulate the following technical guidance according to the production conditions and climate characteristics of different cotton areas. 1 Yellow River Basin Affected by the high temperature and drought in the previous period, the cotton growth process in the Yellow River Basin this year is generally more than 7 days earlier than normal. Since mid-August, major cotton-producing areas have experienced heavy rains, with strong winds in some areas, and cotton fields suffering from waterlogging or lodging. Post-management should be based on disaster prevention and reduction, take measures to promote early maturity, prevent premature aging, increase bell weight and improve quality. (1) Drought-resistance and drainage. According to the weather forecast, dredge the ditches as early as possible to ensure that the three ditches are unblocked, the irrigation and drainage are free, and the rain stops, so as to prevent the cotton fields from suffering from waterlogging. High-yield fields with irrigated conditions should be filled with water according to the needs of the cotton fields. For the lodging of cotton fields, it is necessary to push the plants and ridges to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. For cotton fields affected by flooding or waterlogging and signs of premature aging, foliar spray fertilizer can be used, sprayed every 5-7 days, and sprayed 2-3 times. Spraying time should be carried out in cloudy or evening to prevent burning leaves. In order to reduce labor, blade spray fertilizer can be combined with spraying chemical pesticides . (2) Weeding and weeding. Wangchang Cotton Field advocates the removal of empty branches and old leaves to prevent the field from closing. In the late stage of premature aging cotton field, secondary growth is likely to occur, and new axillary buds should be removed in time. At the same time, timely removal of malignant weeds such as tall weeds and dodders. (3) Prevention and control of pests. Increase the prevention and control of pests such as cotton planthopper, cotton blind mites, Spodoptera litura, and beet armyworm, and do a good job of rule prevention and control, and reduce the occurrence of large-scale pests and diseases in cotton fields caused by factors such as cotton plant length or late maturity. The chance. (4) Defoliation ripening. From the end of September to the beginning of October (about 20 days before the first frost period), according to the weather conditions and the growth of cotton plants, spray ethephon ripening, the amount is 100 ml per mu, 30-40 kg of water. For machine-harvesting cotton fields, remove large weeds in the field before defoliation, remove mulch and residual film, 60 kg of water per acre, mix 200-250 ml of ethephon and 40-50 g of thiabendazole, spray evenly. The spraying time should be such that after the boll opening rate exceeds 60%, it is ensured that the defoliation is completed 20-30 days before harvesting. Manual harvesting of cotton fields can also be carried out with reference. (5) Scientific collection of flowers. First, normal cotton bolls should be harvested after 5-7 days of boll opening. In order to save labor, it can be harvested 2-3 times according to the boll opening situation. The second is the process of harvesting, drying, packaging, storage, etc. It is necessary to divide the white flowers and dim flowers, the dead flowers, the polluted flowers, the flowers before the frost and the peaches after the frost, and divide, divide, store and sell. Third, the drying seed cotton field should be kept clean and clean. Harvesting, drying and storage should control the “three wires†mixed into the seed cotton to ensure the quality of the original cotton. This year, the cotton boll opening period is generally early, and in addition to the recent rains, some cotton fields have begun to appear rotten bells. The black cotton bolls should be removed in time, and dried with 1% ethephon and then dried to reduce losses. (6) Pulling wood and returning straw to the field. Under the premise of not affecting the yield and quality of the post-crop crops, the cotton-cotton-cotton two-crop cotton area can delay the cotton-pusting time, which should be from October 5th to 10th. After harvesting other cotton fields, the straw should be returned to the field or firewood. 2 Yangtze River Basin Cotton Area The cotton production in the cotton area of ​​the Yangtze River Basin in 2018 started well. The climatic conditions in the early stage were generally conducive to the growth of seedling emergence and seedling stage. In the middle and late July and mid-August, the cotton area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was hot, dry and rainy. Some cotton areas suffered from typhoon and rain, and the middle and upper buds fell off heavily, and there were different degrees of lodging. Overall, the drought is conducive to the formation of bells and bells, and the strengthening of post-management is expected to capture a bumper harvest. In view of the current cotton growth and different planting methods, the post-management measures are as follows: (1) Nutritional nursery seedling transplanting cotton field late management 1. Timely pruning seedling transplanting cotton plant has large individual growth and strong growth potential, combined with topping to remove no effect branches, Bud, part of the lower part of the old leaves, etc., control is prosperous, to prevent rotten bells. Timely removal of late buds and ineffective flower buds, reducing nutrient consumption, making full use of the best ringing period, and multi-quality peaches. 2. Spraying foliar cotton After the topping of cotton, the cotton field with weaker growth and the cotton field with signs of premature aging can use foliar fertilizer or phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to carry out root-external spraying to ensure weight gain. 3. After timely adjustment of the topping, the mu is sprayed with 4 grams of ketamine or 25% of the saponin 20 ml to 30 kg of water, and the autumn buds are controlled to achieve the top of the autumn peach. the amount. After mid-October, it is necessary to spray ethephon ripening on the late-maturing cotton fields in the evening, choose sunny weather and no wind, use 40% ethephon 200 ml/mu, spray 40-50 kg/mu on water. The ripening agent should be used now, if it is raining within 8 hours after spraying, it should be refilled. 4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases through the measures such as drainage and dewatering, application of foliar fertilizer, etc., to prevent the spread of "two wilts" in a timely manner, the disease is heavier in the field, and the measures such as rooting and removing diseased plants can be used. The occurrence time of Spodoptera litura is generally from mid-August to early October. The insect is mainly chemically controlled, and alternately sprays 50% fenvalerate EC 4000-6000 times solution, or 10.5% Keflon urea water dispersible granules. 1000-1500 times liquid, 20% liquid hydrazide suspension agent 2000 times liquid. The older larvae of Spodoptera litura are highly resistant, and the larvae have the best effect in the 1-2 years of age. The spraying time is better in the evening, the low-volume spray, except for the plants on the plant, the ground near the rhizosphere of the plants is also To be sprayed. When the first control of Bemisia tabaci, antibiotics can be used, such as 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times liquid or 40% green vegetable emulsifiable oil 1000-1500 times liquid, spray control, and then can be sprayed artificially synthesized nicotine Classes of drugs, once every other week, each time before 8 o'clock in the morning or after 6 o'clock in the afternoon, the best effect. 5. Disaster prevention and mitigation The bell disease during the boll opening period is easy to cause rotten bells. It can be sprayed with 1:1:200 times Bordeaux mixture or 50% daisen zinc WP 600 times, sprayed once every 10-15 days, continuously. 3 to 4 times. In the middle of September, if there is much rainy weather, it is necessary to pick the yellow bells of the lower half of the cotton plant in the lower part of the cotton plant in 45 days and peel off the seed cotton. In the late stage of cotton growth, when the typhoon is typhoon, it is easy to cause the cotton plant to fall. It is necessary to timely support the soil and properly root the soil. At the same time, it can be combined with external root fertilization to promote the recovery of cotton plants. (2) Post-production management of wheat (oil) after live cotton field 1. After reasonable fertilization of wheat (oil), there are more bells on the upper part of the cotton, which can be sprayed with fertilizer to increase the weight and prevent premature aging. In the case of insufficient growth, timely application of foliar fertilizer to supplement nutrition, or directly spray 2% urea solution and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. 2. Scientifically control the excessive elongation of the upper fruit branches and the growth of axillary buds to prevent the buds from falling off due to the closedness of the cotton fields. In early October, use thidiazepine powder 30-40 g/mu and 40% ethephon 200-300 ml/mu to spray 40-50 kg/mu of water. The defoliation ripening agent is required to be used now, and it should be refilled within 8 hours after spraying. Spray droplets should be small, the amount of water spray should be no less than 30 kilograms per acre, spray evenly when spraying, so that the upper and lower leaves of the cotton plant can be evenly spread, and should be added to the late maturity field or the late spraying period. Large amount. 3. Disaster prevention and mitigation should be timely flooded in arid cotton fields. In case of typhoon and rain, it is necessary to strengthen post-disaster support and post-disaster recovery management. 3 Northwest Inland Cotton Area In August this year, the temperature in Xinjiang cotton area was higher than that of previous years, and there was high temperature weather, and the temperature dropped rapidly in September. According to the actual situation of cotton production in the inland cotton area of ​​Northwest China, the technical guidance for cotton production management in the later stage was proposed. (1) Management of key links. Scientifically adopt fertilizers, water control and other control measures, focusing on the "six defenses", that is, prevention of premature aging, anti-corruption and late maturity, cotton boll insect bites, mildew, anti-shedding, anti-dry bell. Strengthen cotton flocculation and harvest management, focusing on water stoppage, defoliation, ripening, harvesting, and residual film recycling. (2) Disaster prevention and harm reduction management. Do a good job in the production of high temperature and hail disasters in the middle and late stages of cotton. In case of high temperature and timely irrigation, manual intervention measures should be taken in time for hail weather. In the middle and late period, we will focus on the control of red spiders, cotton bollworms and various diseases, and adhere to the management measures of integrated prevention and biological control. (3) Regulation of growth and development. Timely guarantee the supply of fertilizer and water to the premature aging cotton field, and spray foliar fertilizer or urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, reduce the use of fertilizer and water, and reduce the use of fertilizer and water, and stop the plant with ridge and spray ripening. Agent measures. (4) Harvest management. For the cotton mining field, remove the residual film in the field, especially the residual film, and clear the field drip irrigation facilities and other obstacles. When the boll opening rate in the cotton field reaches 30-40%, the weather is fine, spray the defoliant and ripen. Agent. The opponent picks the cotton field, picks up the normal spit cotton bolls in time, and uses cotton caps, cotton bags, cotton cloth pockets, and harvested cotton to prevent "three wire" pollution. More pesticide encyclopedia , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network (Source: Pesticide Newsletter) Customized Mount Bracket,Customized Motor Mount Bracket,Customized Stainless Steel Bracket,Customized Aluminium Bracket MGX Metalworks Co., Ltd. , https://www.mgxmetal.com