Differences in quality and formulation of pelleted feed products and solutions

The quality of finished pellet feed is the basis for the healthy development of the feed industry, which is directly related to the production efficiency of the aquaculture industry, the interests of users and the reputation of the feed mill. At the same time, the stability of feed products is also an important guarantee for the development of feed industry and animal husbandry. However, in the production of pellet feed, there are often problems in the quality of the finished product and the formulation design. To this end, we should first analyze the factors affecting the quality of the finished pellet feed, and then find out effective solutions.

1 The impact of feed ingredients quality

Raw materials are the basis of the quality of the finished feed. The raw materials of the feed mill come from all directions, even the same raw materials, due to the origin, variety, soil, harvesting methods and maturity at harvest, processing methods, climatic conditions, moisture content, mildew, etc. Different, the nutritional content is also very different. Especially in the season of shortage of feed ingredients, the variety is more mixed, the quality is worse, and the noisy is serious. Under this circumstance, it is necessary to pay attention to raw material analysis, accumulate and sort out common raw materials, carry out finished product inspection, and find out the difference and regularity of raw materials.

In addition, the storage time of raw materials will also affect its nutritional value, and the problem of additive premixing is more prominent. If the additive has poor stability, it will quickly fail under ultraviolet light and oxidation. Vitamins are easily oxidized, and sulfates are easy to absorb moisture and return to the tide.

2 ingredients influence

The accuracy of the ingredients directly affects the quality of the finished product. When formulating, the accuracy generally reaches two decimal places, but this level is not achieved in actual production. The batching and metering equipment of the feed mill is the key to the accurate realization of the formula design. The reasonable design of the advance amount of various raw material ingredients when the computer controls the ingredients is the key to affect the accuracy of the ingredients.

3 Effect of mixing uniformity

Mixing uniformity is an important quality indicator, which means that the actual composition of each product in the product and even the livestock is consistent with the formulation design. Among them, the premix has a large difference in the physical properties of the trace components, and the addition amount of some components is small, and it is more difficult to ensure uniform distribution.

There are three main factors that affect the mixing uniformity:

3.1 Equipment: poor equipment, poor performance or worn equipment, will affect the mixing uniformity

3.2 Physical properties of powder particles. Modern compound feed is a product containing many different components. Many components vary greatly in particle size, shape, specific gravity and addition level, which affects the mixing uniformity.

3.1 Operating conditions: including the mixing ratio of each component in the mixture, the loading coefficient (the mixing amount exceeds the design amount will seriously affect the mixing uniformity), the feeding mode, the feeding sequence, the feeding speed, the mixer rotation speed and the mixing time, etc. Degree has an impact.

4 granulation effect

Due to the high temperature and high pressure in the granulation process, the nutrients in the feed will be damaged to varying degrees, especially the destruction of vitamins and enzyme preparations. The addition of granulated steam and water will usually cause partial decomposition and failure of the enzyme preparation. .

5 The effect of finished product moisture

The high moisture content of the finished product will result in a relative decrease in the content of various nutrients, and the excessive moisture will accelerate the decomposition of vitamins. The total moisture during granulation is determined by the water content of the powder and the amount of steam added. When the feed composed of different raw materials enters the cooling tower, the difference in water content is relatively large. The particle size and composition of the pellet feed are different for the cooling time. The requirements for ventilation and so on are also different. If the working state of the cooling and air drying system is constant, it will definitely lead to the difference in water content of the final product. Packaging is the last process to determine the moisture of the finished product, due to the ambient temperature and mechanical transmission. The heat that can be converted is different in different batches of feed, so when the temperature of the material is too high, the moisture also rises.

6 Electrostatic effects

In the feed processing process, due to the electrostatic action of friction, a part of the material is adhered to the equipment and mixed into other materials, causing cross-contamination. In particular, several trace components are greatly affected by static electricity.

7 The impact of sampling and testing

If the sampling is not correct, the analysis error will increase. Analysis of laboratory error is one of the factors affecting the quality of feed products. If the analysis value is too high or too low, the calculated value of the formula design will be higher or lower. Even if the same sample is measured in different laboratories, the measured values ​​will vary greatly. This is the result of the influence of the technical level of the laboratory personnel and the quality of the testing equipment.

How to eliminate or minimize the difference between finished product quality and formula? I think it can be considered from the following aspects:

1. Establish a strict raw material inspection system, perform sensory inspection and nutrient analysis on all incoming materials, and regularly check the raw materials with long storage time (usually once a month, once every half month in high temperature and high humidity season). Additives (especially vitamins should be stored in a well-stocked, low-temperature, dry, ventilated warehouse and minimize storage time). Add a certain amount of “safety” depending on the length of storage and the loss during processing. The formula should be adjusted in time according to the detection condition of the raw materials. For the sake of convenience and accuracy, the feed formula computer can be used, and the formula can be quickly changed according to the change of the raw material price and the nutrient composition.

At the same time, accumulate the test data, establish the feed ingredient database of the enterprise, explore the characteristics of the raw materials, and formulate the nutrient composition table of the feed ingredients of the enterprise to serve the more accurate design formula.

2. In addition to the selection of high-precision scales, periodic inspection, overhaul, and calibration of measuring instruments, it is also necessary to adopt a graded weighing method according to different stages of the process: that is, large scales are used, large scales are used, small scales are used, and weighing is strict. check. When the computer controls the ingredients, accurately set the drop of each raw material to reduce the batching error, and often check the operation of the adding device (such as the grease adding system) and the control system.

3. To ensure the uniformity of mixing, in addition to paying attention to the mixing quality of the equipment itself when selecting equipment, the mixer should be inspected weekly to keep it in good working condition. The pulverization of various raw materials should reach a certain range of particle size, and the particle size of various materials should not be very different, so as not to affect the mixing effect. Strict operation management is the key to ensure the uniformity of feed. Each mixer has the best mixing time. Long and short will affect the mixing uniformity, and also pay attention to the choice of additives, carriers and thinners.

4. The steam used for granulation should be kept to a minimum to reduce damage to certain trace components. The need to reduce steam can also be achieved by reducing the particle size of the powder and adding a particulate binder.

5. Control the moisture content of the finished product, quenching and cooling and cooling fan is the key. The quenching and tempering process depends to a large extent on the operator's experience. The amount of steam added should be controlled according to the moisture content of the powder before quenching and the temperature of the mold. The working condition of the cooling air drying system has a great influence on the quality of the particles, especially the moisture and temperature of the finished product. The on-site inspection should be strengthened in the production. According to the water content of the pellets in the cooler, the size and composition of the particles. Change, adjust the cooling time and cooling air volume. When packaging, the feed in the package should be cooled first, and then the temperature should be reduced when it is lower than the ambient temperature by 8 degrees or less, so as to reduce the moisture by scattering by various means such as radiation.

6. In order to prevent cross-contamination of products caused by static electricity, the formula should be cleaned strictly according to the equipment cleaning procedure, which is especially important for the production of premix.

7. Improve the testing organization, strengthen the technical training for laboratory personnel, improve the technical level of laboratory personnel, select high-quality laboratory equipment, and strictly follow the regulations when storing raw materials. The feed sample is sampled using an elongated slot sampler to collect, prepare and analyze feed samples using accurate methods.