May 19, 2024

Factors affecting the diffusion of gas leaks

The wind direction determines the main direction of the leakage of gas clouds. The wind speed affects the diffusion speed of the leaking gas cloud and the speed diluted by the air. The greater the wind speed, the stronger the atmospheric turbulence, the stronger the dilution effect of the air, and the stronger the wind transport effect. Under normal circumstances, when the wind speed is 1 m to 5 m per second, it is conducive to the diffusion of the leaking gas cloud, and the dangerous area is large; if the wind speed is large, the concentration of the leaking gas on the ground is lowered.

Atmospheric stability is an indicator of the degree of vertical convection in the air layer. The more stable the atmosphere, the more difficult it is to dissipate into the high-altitude, and the near-surface diffusion; the more unstable the atmosphere, the stronger the vertical convective motion of the air, and the faster the leakage gas cloud dissipates.

The temperature or the intensity of solar radiation mainly affects the diffusion of the leaking gas by affecting the vertical convective motion of the atmosphere. The high atmospheric humidity is not conducive to the spread of the leaking gas cloud.

The topography and features of the ground will change the diffusion velocity of the leaking gas cloud, which will change the direction of diffusion. Leakage of gas clouds at low ground is prone to retention. Buildings, trees, etc. will enhance the turbulence of the surface atmosphere, thereby increasing the dilution of the air, while the open flat terrain, lakes, etc. are the opposite. Leakage of gas clouds in low-rise buildings, densely populated areas or green areas is not easy to spread; high-rise buildings have a blocking effect, and gas clouds will quickly pass from both sides of the wind speed.

When the position of the leak source is high, the vertical distance of the leaked gas to the ground is large, and under the same source strength and meteorological conditions, the concentration of gas diffused to the same distance on the ground will decrease. If the gas leaks upwards, the leaking gas has an upward initial momentum, which acts as if the source of the leak is increased.

The density of the leaking gas is larger or smaller than the density of the air, and it is mainly represented by gravity or buoyancy in the diffusion. Gravity causes it to fall, the ground concentration increases, and the downward trend is weakened by the continuous dilution of air. Buoyancy causes it to rise in the initial stage of the diffusion of the leaking gas, and the ground concentration decreases, and the tendency to rise is diminished by the continuous dilution of the air. For leaking high-temperature gases, the buoyancy effect is affected by temperature, and when it is cooled to atmospheric temperature, buoyancy is lost.

Understand the influence of various factors on gas diffusion, help to establish a gas leakage diffusion model, and further predict the range of dangerous areas of leakage gas diffusion, in order to develop corresponding emergency measures.

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