2. Ammonium bicarbonate: The chemical properties of ammonium bicarbonate are not very stable and have the characteristics of being easy to volatilize. Under the same conditions, the application rate of deep application and overburden is 20-30% higher than that of ground application. 10-15%. Ammonium bicarbonate should be used as base fertilizer and top dressing. When used as base fertilizer, the depth of application is 15-20 cm, and the soil is buried after application to prevent volatilization loss. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid application in high temperature season and high temperature period, try to apply in the season when the temperature is lower than 20 °C, and try to apply it in the morning and evening when the temperature is low to avoid decomposition and evaporation, prevent burning of crop leaves and improve fertilizer utilization.
3. Diammonium phosphate: Diammonium phosphate is a high-concentration quick-acting fertilizer suitable for various crops and soils. It is especially suitable for crops that require ammonium. It should be used as base fertilizer. If it is used as top dressing, it should be applied early and deep. After applying 10 cm, cover the soil and not too close to the crop to avoid burning the crop. When making a seed, it cannot be in direct contact with the seed. Do not use diammonium phosphate with water, otherwise most of the nitrogen will remain on the surface, and should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as grass ash and lime to prevent the volatilization of nitrogen and reduce the effectiveness of phosphorus.
4. Ammonium nitrate: Ammonium nitrate is easily soluble in water, easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, and is prone to thermal decomposition. The product is generally made into pellets. After being applied to the soil, it is quickly decomposed into ammonium ions and nitrate ions. The ammonium ions can be adsorbed by the soil, and the nitrate ions are not easily stored by the soil, and are easily lost with water. Therefore, it is not suitable for topdressing and paddy field application, and it is better to use dry land.
5, superphosphate: superphosphate can be dissolved in water, acidic instant fertilizer, can be applied to neutral, calcareous soil, can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, can also be used as root dressing. Note that it can not be mixed with alkaline fertilizer to prevent acid-alkaline neutralization and reduce fertilizer efficiency. It is mainly used on phosphorus-deficient soils, and the application depends on the degree of phosphorus deficiency in the soil. The foliar application concentration is 1-2%.
Applicable to all kinds of crops and soils, it is advisable to use strips, acupoints, roots, concentrated application or mixed with organic fertilizers to improve utilization. However, it cannot be directly used as a seed fertilizer because the free acid contained in it can cause burning and burning.
6. Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphate Fertilizer: Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizer is a kind of multi-fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus, containing calcium, magnesium and silicon. It is an alkaline fertilizer which is insoluble in water. It is suitable for acidic soil and has slow fertilizer effect. Deep application is better. It can not be mixed with superphosphate and nitrogen fertilizer, but it can be applied together. It can not be mixed with acidic fertilizer, and it works well in acid soil with silicon, calcium and magnesium. It should not be applied in neutral or alkaline soils, nor as top dressing. After the application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the absorption and utilization rate of the crops in the season is very low. Therefore, the field where the application of more phosphorus fertilizer does not have to be applied year after year, and it is recommended to apply it every other year to increase the efficiency.
7. Potassium Chloride: Potassium chloride is the main variety of chemical potassium fertilizer. It not only promotes the formation of plant proteins and carbohydrates, enhances the lodging resistance, improves and enhances the quality of agricultural products, but also balances nitrogen and phosphorus in plants. The role of other nutrients. It can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing, but it should not be applied on saline soil to prevent salt damage, nor can it be applied on potato, beet, tobacco, tea tree, citrus, grape and other chlorine-repellent crops. It should be used sparingly or not in the dry season in arid regions.
8. Potassium sulphate: Potassium sulphate is a chemically neutral, physiologically acidic fertilizer. The reactions and precautions applied in different soils are as follows: In acidic soils, excess sulfate makes the soil more acidic and even exacerbates the toxicity of active aluminum and iron in the soil. Under flooding conditions, too much sulfate will be reduced to form hydrogen sulfide, causing the roots to become black. Therefore, long-term consumption of potassium sulfate should be combined with farmyard manure, alkaline phosphate fertilizer and lime to reduce acidity. In addition, rice field application should also be combined with drainage and drying measures to improve ventilation. In calcareous soils, calcium ions in the sulfate and soil form calcium sulfate (gypsum) which is not easily soluble. Too much calcium sulphate will cause soil compaction. At this time, we should pay attention to the application of farmyard manure. In the use of chlorine-free crops, such as tobacco, tea trees, grapes, sugar cane, sugar beets, watermelons, potatoes, etc., the application of potassium sulphate not only increases the yield, but also improves the quality. The price of potassium sulphate is higher than that of potassium chloride, and there are few sources of supply. The focus should be on economic crops that are sensitive to chlorine and sulphur and potassium. The benefits will be better.
Author: Wang Xiaobo
Source: "Get Rich Express"
Several main fertilizer efficient application techniques
1. Urea: Urea is a kind of high-concentration amido-nitrogen fertilizer. It is a neutral quick-acting fertilizer. After being applied to the soil, it should be absorbed by the soil microorganisms after 3-4 days and converted into ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate. . Therefore, the base fertilizer should be applied deep, and it should be applied 4-5 days earlier than ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium sulfate. Urea is molecular in nature before conversion and cannot be adsorbed by soil. It should be prevented from being lost with water. The ammonia formed after the conversion is also volatile, so the urea should be applied to the soil deeply, and it is not suitable to irrigate the water immediately after application. If the water is easily lost after the top dressing, the water should be drained after 4-6 days. Urea should not be used directly as a seed fertilizer, because high concentrations of urea directly contact with seeds often affect seed germination, resulting in seedling irregularities. At the same time, it is not suitable for foliar fertilizer. In other periods, especially in the seedling stage, it should not be too much or too concentrated.
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