Technical method for improving fertilizer utilization rate of shed vegetables

Greenhouse vegetables are a high-input, high-output production method in a specific environment. Different fertilization methods not only affect the utilization rate of fertilizer, but also affect the economic benefits of production.

1. Common misunderstandings in current fertilizer application

1, organic fertilizer drying

Human feces and chicken manure have become the main base fertilizers for the production of vegetables in greenhouses. However, for the convenience of application, vegetable farmers often leave manure and chicken manure in the fields to dry and lose water. This practice causes the maggots to multiply, the nitrogen volatilizes, and the nitrogen nutrients of the fertilizer are lost.

2. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are used as basic fertilizers on alkaline soil.

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are weakly acidic fertilizers, insoluble in water. Under weak acid conditions, they can be gradually converted into water-soluble phosphates and absorbed by crop roots. However, application on alkaline soil can not solve the urgent need for phosphorus in crop seedlings, resulting in physiological deficiency. phosphorus.

3, superphosphate on the surface of the field for topdressing

Phosphorus has little mobility in the soil and moves between 1-3 cm. Therefore, it is difficult to transfer the crop to the rhizosphere of the crop, so it does not play a role in supplementing the phosphorus in the crop.

4, watering immediately after the application of urea

Urea is an amide ammonia fertilizer, which is easily soluble in water. It must be decomposed into the soil to be converted into ammonium bicarbonate. It is absorbed and utilized by the crops. Water is immediately applied after the application, which makes it easy to lose urea with water and reduce fertilizer efficiency.

5. Ammonium bicarbonate is applied with water

This method often results in more fertilizer in the inlet, the crops are different in growth, difficult to manage, and the shed temperature rises in the afternoon, ammonia gas escapes from the soil, and the lower leaves of the crop are smothered, causing fat damage.

Second, the main method to improve fertilizer efficiency

1. Organic fertilizer piled up and cooked as base fertilizer

In the end of July, in the Xiangyang area, 4000 kg of human waste, plus 100 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, 400 kg of crushed wheat straw (ç³ ), mixed into a braided shape, covered with a worn plastic film or shredded with grass mud 30 In the day, high-quality organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer in greenhouses.

2. Calcium superphosphate is concentrated as base fertilizer

Open the 8 cm deep ditch in the transplanting plant, and then cover the soil with 4-5 cm after the phosphorus fertilizer is removed. Then transplant the crop in the shallow ditch to shorten the distance between the phosphate fertilizer and the crop root to make up for the weak point of phosphorus mobility.

3, early application of urea, deep application and root application

According to the demand for fertilizer and water in the crop development stage, the application is advanced and applied in depth, and the utilization rate is increased by 28% compared with the shallow application. The temperature of the shed is 7 days ahead of 15-20 Â°C, the shed temperature is 5 days ahead of 20-25 Â°C, and the 8-10 cm groove is opened during the application. After the application, the soil is tightly covered, and the crops with large spacing can be used. Deep application. Watering according to the shed temperature 5-7 days, so that it has enough time in the soil to fully ammoniaize, in order to facilitate the absorption and utilization of crops. During the growth period of the crop, the leaf surface can be sprayed with 0.3% urea solution once every 7 days, 100 kg of solution per acre, 2-3 times in succession.

4, deep application of ammonium bicarbonate

Ammonium bicarbonate is an ideal quick-acting fertilizer for the production of winter warm greenhouse vegetables. It is rarely volatilized at 20 Â°C. After being applied to the soil, it can be dissociated into ammonium ions and adsorbed by the soil, and then slowly released for crop root absorption, even at 5 Under the soil temperature condition of Â°C, it can also be converted and decomposed and absorbed by crops. When topdressing is 8-10 cm away from the roots of crops, 10 cm deep trenches are used. After soiling, the soil cover is tight, which can increase the utilization rate by 10-30%, 10% higher than shallow application, and 7.8% increase with water application.
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