July 03, 2025

U.S. Simulation Confirms Increased Solar Cell Efficiency to 42%

On January 29, according to a report by the Physicist Organization Network, researchers at the University of California, Davis, used computer simulations to confirm that a special "silicon BC8" structure can generate multiple electron-hole pairs from a single photon. This breakthrough could significantly boost solar cell efficiency. The study was recently published in *Physical Review Letters*.

Solar cells work based on the photoelectric effect. When a photon hits a silicon crystal, it creates an electron and a hole. Collecting these pairs produces electricity. However, traditional solar cells only generate one pair per photon, limiting their theoretical maximum efficiency to around 33%. The new method, using silicon BC8, allows for multiple pairs per photon, making a big leap in performance.

To test this, the team used supercomputers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to simulate how silicon BC8 behaves. This unique structure is formed under high pressure but remains stable at normal conditions. The results showed that when exposed to visible light, BC8 nanoparticles can indeed create multiple electron-hole pairs from a single photon.

Stephen Weiberman, the lead author of the study, said that this approach could push the maximum efficiency of solar cells up to 42%, which is higher than any current technology. He even suggested that with the use of parabolic mirrors to concentrate sunlight, the efficiency might reach as high as 70%.

However, there's a challenge: the current model only works under ultraviolet light, not visible light. But scientists from Harvard and MIT previously found that laser light can create the necessary high pressure to form BC8 nanocrystals in regular silicon. This means that applying lasers or chemical pressure could help convert existing solar cells into more efficient versions. This discovery opens up exciting possibilities for the future of solar energy technology.

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