Screws are threaded fasteners that create permanent or temporary assemblies. They are inserted and removed by turning in one direction or another. Wood screws, floor screws, and sheet metal screws have flat heads that sit flush when holding material together. Machine screws fasten metal to metal and are inserted into a prethreaded hole or mated with a nut. Thread-cutting screws are self-tapping screws that cut away and remove the surrounding material to create a tapped hole. Deck screws resist rust and corrosion to hold outdoor decking materials together. Drywall screws have fine tips, coarse threads, and tapered bugle heads to penetrate drywall and grip wood without damaging material. Hex-head bolts, cap screws, and lag screws are driven with wrenches rather than screwdrivers or drill bits. Captive panel screws and thumb screws can be tightened and loosened without tools on parts that are frequently removed such as access panels. Screw caps can help to cover screw heads for both safety and aesthetic purp Carbon Steel Screw,Carbon Steel Screws Outside,Carbon Steel Screw For Sale,Carbon Steel Self Drilling Screws Taizhou TS HARDWARE Co., Ltd , https://www.shuwengroup.com
A breakthrough in nano-imaging technology under extremely high pressure
According to a report from the Physicist Organization Network on April 10 (Beijing time), American scientists have achieved a significant breakthrough in analyzing the structure of nanomaterials under extreme high pressure. For the first time, they successfully addressed the issue of severe distortion in high-energy X-ray beams when imaging gold nanocrystals. This advancement is expected to enable researchers to develop new nanomaterials under high-pressure conditions and deepen our understanding of the processes occurring deep within the Earth. The findings were recently published in *Nature Communications* on April 9.
Yang Wenge, lead author of the study and researcher at the Carnegie Institute's High Voltage Collaborative Union, explained: “To understand how high pressure affects gold nanocrystals and other materials, we rely on high-energy X-rays produced by synchrotron radiation sources. These X-rays offer high coherence, allowing for three-dimensional imaging with a resolution of tens of nanometers—far superior to the incoherent X-ray imaging used in chemical detection, which typically only reaches micrometer-scale resolution. However, the coherent, high-energy X-ray beam tends to become severely distorted under high pressure.â€
The research team discovered that by averaging the scattering patterns of the same crystals using various sample setups, combined with advanced algorithms developed by scientists at the London Nanotechnology Center, they could effectively correct this distortion and improve spatial resolution by two orders of magnitude.
The experiment was conducted at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory in the U.S. The team subjected a 400-nanometer gold crystal to pressures ranging from 8,000 to 64,000 times atmospheric pressure—conditions similar to those found in the Earth’s upper mantle. As expected, the crystal’s edges became sharp and strained under pressure. However, the researchers were surprised to find that as pressure increased further, the strain disappeared entirely, and the crystal took on a more rounded shape.
Yang Wenge noted: “Gold nanoparticles are highly valuable materials. Compared to larger particles, they exhibit 60% greater hardness, making them essential for advanced applications such as molecular electrodes, nanoscale coatings, and cutting-edge engineering materials. Therefore, this new technology holds great promise for these fields.â€
Robinson added: “Now that we’ve solved the issue of beam distortion, we can study how nanocrystal structures change under high pressure. This opens the door to answering key questions about why nanocrystals are so much harder than bulk materials under extreme conditions.†(Reporter Liu Xia)