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Asparagus seedling breeding method
Asparagus cultivation begins with selecting high-quality seeds, which are crucial for successful growth. Asparagus seeds can remain viable for 3 to 5 years if stored properly, but in practical farming scenarios, their effective lifespan is typically 2 to 3 years. Improper storage, such as leaving them unsealed in a humid environment, can drastically reduce the germination rate. To ensure optimal seed quality, it's important to allow the seeds to fully mature, which takes over 80 days from pollination to harvest. Additionally, cold stratification at temperatures between 0°C and 5°C can help break dormancy and improve germination rates.
For nursery construction, especially in northern regions, two common methods are used: Yangshuo and small arch sheds. The Yangshuo method involves creating an improved wind barrier by first building a wall, then wrapping it with a barrier and covering it with plastic film. Grass or night covers can also be added, and the film should be placed a week before sowing to raise the ground temperature. A small arch shed, on the other hand, is a simple structure made of bamboo or wooden sticks bent into an arch and covered with plastic film. Supports should be placed every 50-60 cm, and the ends should be securely fastened. The film must be pressed down with soil to prevent it from being blown away, and grass rafts can be added on top to further increase the ground temperature.
Soil preparation is essential for growing strong asparagus seedlings. The nutrient soil must have good physical and chemical properties. A recommended mix includes 6 parts of sifted fertile soil, 4 parts of organic fertilizer (such as compost or manure), and 15-25 kg of dry chicken manure or similar material per cubic meter. Add 1-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer per cubic meter, mix thoroughly, and spread it evenly in the nursery beds to a depth of 14 cm. Ensure the surface is flat and well-kneaded before sowing.
Nutrient bags or pots are commonly used to support seedling growth. These are cylindrical soil columns measuring 10-12 cm in height and 8-10 cm in diameter, with a small square hole in the center for planting. The nutrient soil is prepared by mixing cow and horse manure with fertile soil in a 3:7 ratio, sieving it, and adjusting the moisture content so that it holds together when squeezed. The soil is then packed into paper tubes or containers, making it easier to transplant later.
Seed treatment is necessary due to the thick, hard seed coat of asparagus. Before sowing, seeds should be dried for 2-3 days under the sun, ensuring they are turned 2-3 times daily. They should also be washed to remove impurities and any insect species. If not sown immediately, the seeds can be buried in sand during winter. Choose a dry, sunny location, dig a 50 cm deep pit, and layer it with moist sand. Place the seeds at least 20 cm deep and retrieve them in spring after sifting. Alternatively, soak the seeds in warm water (45-50°C) until the temperature drops to room level, then soak for 2-3 days, changing the water 2-3 times daily.
After soaking, wrap the seeds in clean gauze and keep them at 25-30°C for germination. Rinse them 1-2 times daily with warm water to remove secretions and prevent mold. When 10%-15% of the seeds have cracked open, they are ready for planting. If not planted immediately, store them in a cool, ventilated area to avoid excessive root growth that could damage the seedlings during transplanting.