Masonry Construction Material Requirements Cement: Big brick small brick: (Figure) West Stitched shop: Like a brick that builds a house, one piece is wrong. Precautions: Floor tiles Floorings Flooring rooms Houses and windows Spaces for living room Walls for living room Decorations for living rooms Partitions for black floors Partitions for partitions Floor tiles Kitchen wall tiles Kitchen doors Doors for partitions Doors for bathroom Tiles Bathroom doors Bathroom ceilings Materials for bathroom Tiles for bathroom Tiles for bathroom Bathroom partitions Design Bathroom Floor Tiles Tile Plastic Tiles Floor Tiles Kitchen Tiles Small Bedrooms Leather Glove,Work Glove,Garden Glove,Synthetic Leather Glove Rudong Rizhisheng Safety Products Co., Ltd. , http://www.nt-gloves.com
Hydration Heat of Cement: When cement dissolves in water, it will give off a lot of heat, cement with high heat of hydration will definitely not be good, the temperature of cement mortar will increase due to the heat of hydration, and when the temperature decreases, it will cause the subsidence of the tile. , causing unevenness on the ground.
Solidification period of cement: The solidification period of cement has strict control requirements during manufacture, and the initial setting is too early: As a result, the cement mortar has not yet been completely constructed, and the cement mortar has been initially set, causing the cement to empty. The initial settling time is too long: After waiting a day or two, the bricks have not yet completely solidified, and the workers are working on them again, causing the tiles to be stepped on.
Cement label: 325 # and 425 #, at home, use 325 # is enough, use 425 # cement does not matter. Generally 425# cement is used in the concrete casting of the building. Bricklaying and affixing with 325#.
sand:
Coarse sand: When paving floor tiles, it is necessary to turn sand and cement into mortar, paving the ground, and then paving the floor tiles, which can ensure the flatness of the bricks and solve the unevenness of the brick caused by the unevenness of the ground.
When leveling the ground, rough sand is also needed.
Fine sand: It is mainly used for the paving of wall tiles. Some workers prefer to use plain cement, and very little sand is used. Personally, I personally think: The use of fine yarn and cement for wall tiles should make it very thick and the thickness of the bricks to ensure the verticality of the wall, because there are many wall surfaces that can be a few centimeters in verticality. If the light is solitary and the shop is relatively thin, it will be difficult to catch it.
Haisha: There are many sea shells and Other creatures in the sand. Due to the high salinity of sea sand, it is prohibited to use it in buildings.
What you should know before construction, and what you should do:
Are there empty walls or floors? If you have empty drums, you should knock it out first, paint it again, and stick a magnetic piece. At the very least, the owners must be notified first, explaining the situation and avoiding further wrangling.
The original structure was inspected. In some places, the walls were not very vertical, and the yin and yang angles were not square. How to solve these problems, should communicate with the owners.
Paving method: oblique shop, set of bricks, wrong stitches, or other requirements. And according to the quality of the bricks to make corresponding recommendations, such as: for those middle drums or concave bricks do not fit staggered.
Have you passed the stone or the sideline? If you do not pass the door, how to connect inside and outside?
Corridor brick is centered in the middle or brick? The general corridor is longer and it is recommended to sew the center or brick.
Is there a waistline or tile in the kitchen or bathroom? The specific location of these waistlines and tiles should be determined.
Pre-construction preparations: Plane horizontal lines, rows of bricks, and paving plans.
Tiles must be prepared tools: bubble brick basin, vertical ruler, two meters on the ruler, level ruler, copy tube. Workers must do their work well and must first sharpen their tools. Without these tools, the worker’s level is not even good. Mason construction process:
Tile process:
First determine the paving method - in the wall bomb horizontal line - the ground line, find the square - paving cement mortar - pre-shop - on the ash - paving - Scratch wall brick Note:
Row bricks:
Generally from the bottom of the window, taking into account the top surface, the ground. In particular, the gypsum board on the top surface has been made or the top surface is not ceiling, and the top surface cannot have a small strip. Of course don't let a small strip above the ground.
If it is obliquely attached, also pay attention to the position of the angle of the sun, and ensure that the angle of the sun is a full brick.
Determine the location of tiles and waistlines. For smaller spaces (eg, small toilets), are tile tiles centered?
On the wall tile floor tile kitchens, bathrooms generally require workers to press bricks. Because there are many houses that are not square, when bricks press a wall tile, there is often a gap between the wall and the ground because of the house's indeterminateness, and because the floor has cutting bricks, the cutting edges will be obvious. If wall tiles are pressed against the tiles, the above defects are avoided.
The specific construction method is to start from the second storey and then put on the floor tile, and finally make up the bottom floor of the brick.
Tile and waist line laying process:
Waist line height:
The waist line is generally attached to the upper or lower side of the window sill, preferably the lower side, so that the waist line becomes a complete line, and the specific position depends on the position of each outlet of the wall, staggering the height of the outlet as far as possible. Consider the bricks on the top surface and the ground. Do not leave any strips. Concave waist line:
Flat face waistline touch angle is relatively simple, with the construction of the same brick angle, and with convex and concave waist line should pay attention to, if not handled well, leaving a big gap it is ugly. To meet this kind of waist line, we must cut 8 angles (cut from height) so that all the bumps and bumps can be touched. At the same time, there is a defect in this treatment. That is, the width of the waistline and the wall tiles are the same. , Cut 8 characters to make the waist line shorter than the wall tile, which is not without a solution, you can put all this wall tile processing, the width is slightly smaller; or sell a slightly longer waistline. The touch angle made in this way will be very beautiful.
Of course, there is a way: that is, the waistline and brick stitching, waistline centered. This avoids the waist line from becoming shorter due to the full collision angle.
Tile location:
Tiles play a decorative and decorative role in the room. During use, make sure the location of the tiles is obvious and easily visible. And to ensure that after the stay, the wall radiators, accessories, cabinets, tools and other items to block the tiles.
Some toilets are flanked by walls. The space is relatively small. When tile is placed in such a space, it must be ensured to have the middle position of the wall. Therefore, consider the pre-paving of bricks.
Mason's special craft: oblique shop, staggered shop, set of small bricks (Figure)
Slant Shop: (Figure)
The above several kinds of paving methods, in the decoration company's view all belong to (special process), the cost of the work is naturally higher. it's actually really easy. As long as you can arrange the bricks (put the bricks in the actual position beforehand to ensure the beauty of each place or important place), then follow the line, most of them can be paved.
Slant shop also needs to stretch the line, as with normal paving, stretching a horizontal and vertical line, the diagonal diagonal line of the tile is parallel to the straight line.
If the wall tiles are slanted, you need to row bricks from the sill to ensure that the window sill is a half brick. All the sun horns are the same.
If it is a staggered shop: to ensure that the quality of the brick used is better, the surface flatness is better, if the middle of the brick drum or concave, the paved brick will be difficult to see. Ground leveling construction process:
Paving in the living room, composite flooring in the bedroom, or solid wood flooring without keel base: Since the height of the living room and hallway is usually about 4 cm, the thickness of the wooden floor is 1-2 cm, which is better than the outside. Two or three centimeters lower, although you can add high and low wooden floor buckles, but walking to feel uncomfortable, especially children at home, easy to fall. This time you need to level the bedroom floor. In some rooms, the floor is very uneven. Although wood floors can be made barely, the life span of wooden floors has a great influence. Therefore, such ground also needs leveling. The process of leveling cement mortar to the ground is divided into: finding light and not finding light. Finding light is after leveling, then using a metal trowel to grind the surface of the cement mortar, the surface is dry and smooth. Do not look for light: After the cement mortar is spread on the ground, it is straightened with a ruler, and then it is smoothed with a wooden trowel. This surface is not too smooth. With his feet pressed hard on the ground, he can pick up the sand, cement, etc. from the cement mortar.
Construction process matters needing attention: The proportion of cement and sand is more important, if the cement ratio is low, even if looking for light, it will be easy to be knocked out, not to lay a pit on the floor. Before leveling, use water pipes to find the horizontal line and play it on the wall. If you want to do a little better, find some points on the floor of the room. The level of each point is the same. After finding a good level, level it again. Houses built by developers have a lot of wrong levels on the ground. It's normal for a few centimeters to be wrong. If you look at the floor of an entire house to an absolute level, it may be that some part of the floor of the room needs to be found thick, so it is reduced. The space of the room. There is also a way to Shunping, according to the developers to walk, although not absolute level, but it can be done is a room is absolutely a plane, the entire house wrong two or three centimeters did not feel.
Smooth cement wall how to shop wall tiles?
If the smooth cement wall surface is directly affixed to a wall tile, the cement mortar is not firmly bonded to the original wall surface, which may easily cause emptying and shedding of the tile. How to deal with it?
Armpit hair: Using a hammer to pry the wall into a pit, also known as armpit hair, so that the wall tiles, cement mortar, and bricks can be firmly bonded together. To find wool in mortar: Diluted some water with plain cement and then pour some white latex or interface agent (glue) into it. With glue in it, the viscosity of mortar is high, and then mortar stains on the wall. Face rejection. Turn the wall into one spot, and after the mortar is dry, you can put it directly on the wall.
Special Adhesives: Nowadays, the materials are more and more abundant. There are kinds of materials on the market, which are specially used for sticking wall tiles. The viscosity is very high and can even be directly attached to other magnetic pieces. So: Use him in the light cement surface. There is no problem with magnets on the wall.
The construction process of brick-clad tube construction:
Nowadays, a lot of simple decoration, with a small number of carpenters, coupled with the sales of finished furniture, finished doors, fewer and fewer carpenters in home improvement. But Bao Liguan is an indispensable construction project. He is still a carpenter, and the kitchen and bathroom must be put on the riser before they are put on the wall tile. It's not worthwhile to find a woodworker to pack the tube. How to do? The bricks were used to wrap up the risers and the bricks stood erect with a thickness of five centimeters. It is one or two centimeters thicker than the keel + cement pressure plate. After the brickwork is finished, smooth it again with cement mortar. This is solid.
There are other advantages of brick risers: The stability of the bricks is good, and they are not easy to deform. After affixing a magnetic disc, the magnets will not hit the corners and will not touch the magnets. (The two touching bricks are squeezed tighter. The glaze of the magnet will be squeezed out). It can reduce the noise in the riser, especially the noise of the water.
Matters needing attention: If the riser is relatively large, each layer of brick is built, and a steel bar is added inside to ensure the firmness of the riser. Just like a building, there will be steel reinforcements in a wall. The same reasoning. When using bricks to make partitions, it is best to add reinforcing steel inside.
How to lay the baseboard more beautiful:
Pairs of seams: In general, how big the floor tiles are with a large baseboard, but there are a lot of errors in the specifications of the baseboard and floor tiles. If the baseboard and floor tiles are facing the seams, they will be staggered when they are paved.
Solution: The first baseboard is going back to the wrong place. A room is down and not many missed. Another way is to use the same brand of floor tiles as the baseboard, so that the specifications are the same and construction is easy. If you encounter ancient tiles, you need to leave a gap of 3mm. The specifications of the baseboard are the same as the specifications of the tiles. If you still face the seam, each brick is staggered, and you cannot always leave the baseboard with a 3mm gap. It.
Solution:
Stitching the baseboard by mistake, the first one is half-bricked and spreads back. Since the specification of the baseboard is shorter than the specification of the floor tiles and the gap, it is spread to the other corner of the wall and the baseboard is missed again. , But overall, I don't see the problem. I feel it is still in the baseboard of the baseboard.
Thin paste:
After the baseboard is paved, there is a thickness of almost half a centimeter. Half a centimeter of the gap is not particularly beautiful if it is filled with putty.
There is a kind of material used for sticking wall tiles, which can be thinned to 2~3mm, which is more beautiful.
Tile joint requirements:
Anti-ancient brick: Anti-ancient tiles popular in recent years need to be matched with various colors of grouts. The seams of bricks and bricks are also very large. Some arched bricks have even more than one centimeter left. However, the general prevention of ancient bricks is 2 to 4mm. When sticking ancient tiles, manufacturers usually give “positioners†with different specifications. “Locator†is a cross, which is stuck at the diagonal of bricks and bricks, so that the seams between bricks and bricks are even. Since the brick edges are beveled, when the brick bottoms are completely in contact, the surface of the bricks is just leaving a certain size of gap. Such a floor tile can be left without the need of a "locator" (think of not leaving a seam). Note: When using the "positioner", the "locator" can only be used as an auxiliary tool. It can't rely on him completely. Sometimes the size of the brick is in error. You need to make mistakes back and forth. The specification of the "locator" is the same error. Very small, so stuck in the four corners of the brick, you can not adjust the size of the brick. To make the brick stitching a little smaller, pull the locator out a little, the gap is small.
Seamless Tiles: Some people think that: seamless bricks can not be left seams, seams are not beautiful, it is better to buy a brick. This is a wrong understanding.
Bricks are hot and cold, shrinking, leaving a certain gap, can meet the thermal expansion and contraction of the brick, otherwise, the brick is easy to touch the magnetic, the edge of the glaze crushed. There is a certain amount of error in the size of the bricks. If there is no gap left, it is possible to stagger. If there is a gap, there is room for adjustment. Some brick glazed relatively crisp. A gap does not stay. When paving the above bricks, the glazed surface of the other brick is broken in the process of tapping the solid brick. Therefore: seamless bricks are also best to leave a certain gap, the gap can not be too large, and some workers like to leave the thickness of the packaging tape (packing bar) on the magnetic cassette, the thickness of the packaging tape is slightly thicker. It is recommended to use that kind of thin blade. His thickness is relatively small. The bricks laid out can see the gap, and then the jointing effect is quite good.
Bathroom floor water flow problems:
Because of the water in the bathroom, in order to allow the water to flow into the floor drain as quickly as possible, the ground must have a certain slope. There is no specific requirement for the size of the slope. Some owners prefer a small slope, as long as no water is left on the line. Some owners need a relatively large slope. In order to make the water faster, even if the water is not running, the water will not flow out when bathing. If the toilet has enough means to control the amount of water on the ground, such as: installing a full bathroom, designing a cofferdam in a shower location, etc., there is little chance of water in other places. In this case, the slope of the ground can be kept small, or the slope can be saved. After all, the ground is more beautiful horizontally. In addition to the shower, there is water on the ground. Poor water in the vicinity of the washing machine and near the mop pool can also cause water to diffuse. In particular, when the water is stopped, the water pipes are open and the water comes again. If the water flow is large, it may spread out. /
Obvious slope: The slope per meter is more than 1cm. The surface of the shop can see a clear slope on the outside. Such a slope, when the water flow is large, can also flow into the floor drain in time.
The disadvantages are: Obviously the slope is not beautiful, other sanitary wares are not installed properly, and they also follow the slope.
Obvious slope: Some workers have high technology, the floor tiles are laid, water is splashed, and water is not stored on the ground. From the outside of the bathroom, the ground can be flat, which is both beautiful and practical.
Some floor drains are poor, and the amount of water in the bath is relatively large, so it may be diffused. In addition, the hair in the bath can block the floor drain and cause poor drainage.
Solution: The height of the passstone is higher, 1 cm or 1.5 cm above the bathroom floor. The water will never come out again.
Mason's Yinhui program: guarantee not emptying:
The solidification of cement requires a process, the moisture cannot be dissipated too quickly, and it should be dry, so as to ensure the strength of the cement and ensure that the paved brick is not empty. Therefore, before the tiling, the bricks should be soaked. The density of the glass fossils is high and the water absorption rate is very low. Ordinary wall tiles and glazed tiles all require cloudy water. Instead of allowing the dry bricks to be affixed, they absorb a lot of moisture in the cement mortar. The same is true for tiling brick walls and floors, to ensure that the surface has enough moisture, and when it is tiled, it cannot absorb much moisture. This will be beneficial to the solidification of cement mortar.
How is it cloudy? The cloudy water of the tile needs to be soaked in the basin, and for half an hour on the yin, you can take it out and then dry it.
Water is splashed directly on the wall and ground: Before the tiling, pour some water on the floor or wall and then tiling. In the summer, the walls dry quickly, so you have to pour more water. Note: When splashing water on the floor, you can't splash too much and it's easy to soak up the furniture on the floor (eg door pockets). It may also cause water seeping downstairs.
Interfacial agent: Some workers like to use the interface agent when the wall tile is attached. The role of the interface agent is to close the wall surface, reduce the water absorption rate of the wall surface, and increase the viscosity of the cement mortar. It will not empty wall tiles. The interface agent is a kind of glue. It is a kind of glue and it has certain pollution. Certainly no water is more environmentally friendly. Therefore: it is recommended to splash water better.
Mason's finished product protection issues:
The finished product does not protect the prone problem: The brick surface is scratched, mainly hard objects (such as nails) on the ground, bench legs, and ladder legs. Pulling back and forth on the floor may also cause scratches on the tiles. Contamination of the brick surface: The air compressor leaks oil. If it seeps into the brick, it cannot be wiped off. Bruises, the ground is not protected, a hammer can be dropped and a small hole can be knocked out of the ground. If the floor is covered with a thin carpet, there is no problem.
A variety of methods are introduced: The use of paper boxes, floor tiles are packaged, a lot of floor tiles box is no packaging nails, use him to shop to the ground, is a good protection method. With nails, nails can be removed (as is the protection of wooden floors).
Disadvantages: paper box one by one, it is not easy to clean. Use color strip cloth: Many decoration companies use this method, which can effectively prevent the floor tiles from being contaminated. But when you are impatient, a heavy object falls to the ground and it is very likely that you will have a small pit. But it is very clean. A layer of cotton cloth (the kind of black sliver used for packing furniture, also known as: black heart cotton) is laid underneath the color strip cloth so that it can prevent bruising of heavy objects and it is easy to clean. With that kind of thin carpet, it is very cheap and it is both easy to clean and practical. Can also be recycled. Full of plasterboard or other boards, of course, a kind of board is also cheaper than plasterboard. This protects the surface of the tiles, which is indeed very effective, but: the cost is high.